Roots jazz is the African-American solo dance of the swing years (1920-1940), descending from certain African dances and Charleston, contemporary of Lindy Hop and tap dancing, and precursor of modern street dances such as funk and hip -hop. Roots jazz includes dances (solo or group) from the swing years such as Shim Sham, Big Apple, Tranky Doo and incorporates a large number of steps from the hi-hat.